ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the severe complications of COVID-19. The two distinct medical conditions sharing similar comorbidities are diabetes and hypertension. However, the correlation between AKI and COVID-19 patients with diabetes and/or hypertension, has not been extensively discussed. This study aims to assess the risk factors of AKI induced by COVID-19, using a meta-analysis approach. METHODS A meta-analysis was carried out by reviewing the latest relevant studies on online databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Medline, up to 21 March 2022. The required information related to hypertension and diabetes as the potential risk factors of AKI induced by COVID-19, was extracted. The association was analyzed using pooled odds ratio (OR) and a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS We analyzed 29 studies consisting of 10698 AKI patients with COVID-19 and 20917 controls. Our results show that patients with diabetes test)=0.0001, pE (Egger test)=0.8074) and hypertension (OR=1.7921;95% develop AKI when infected with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes and hypertension are prominent risk factors of acute kidney injury induced by COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
The ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has killed more than one million lives and infected almost 40 million people around the world. In the absence of approved antiviral drugs and vaccines for COVID-19, drug repurposing could be an effective strategy to fast forward COVID-19 drug discovery process. In this study, we screened 160 potential drugs from Therapeutic Target Database against 13 protein targets (12 SARS-CoV-2 proteins and 1 human protein) using an inverse docking approach. Our preliminary result showed that suramin, a poly-sulfonated compound used to treat sleeping sickness, came out with the strongest binding affinity against 3 protein targets (Spike protein, Nucleocapsid protein, ACE2). Suramin formed the strongest complexes with spike protein (prefusion) and nucleocapsid protein (binding affinity:-11.2 Kcal/mol, each) from SARS-CoV-2. The best candidate was also evaluated through molecular dynamics simulation. It is clearly confirmed that this active compound has stable binding during 10 ns simulation. We concluded that drug repurposing based on virtual screening technique revealed that Suramin is the most potential to bind nucleocapsid and Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 is also considered as a new target of Suramin.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Most attention and healthcare resources in Indonesia have been geared toward battling the coronavirus (CoV) disease (COVID)-19 pandemic, and less overture has been given to the looming risks of dengue that has been endemic in many areas of Indonesia. Despite related constraints, the Primary Health Cares (PHC) in Indonesia plays an important role in the face of emergency situations. AIM: This study aimed to review the dengue and COVID-19 infection, clinical manifestations in children and adults, clinical pathology findings, as well as the prevention strategies that could be applied in PHC. METHODS: This study is a narrative review based on the research articles and reports that were published between 2010 and 2020. A total of 70 articles and reports were obtained and after careful consideration, 58 articles and reports were used as references of this study. RESULTS: Both dengue virus (DENV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV (SARS-CoV-2) share the similarity of antigenic structure, common symptoms, and laboratory findings. The immune response in SARS-CoV-2 may cause a cytokine storm, which can increase vascular permeability and organ damage. Secondary infection of DENV with different strains may allow the occurrence of antibody-dependent enhancement. The cross-reactions between SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and DENV antigens may cause false positive on rapid dengue infection serological tests. CONCLUSION: PHC as the front line of health services has a fundamental role in the crisis situation. The prevention and control of DENV and SARS-CoV-2 infections are based on the mode of transmission and need compliance to the related health protocols.
ABSTRACT
Background: The unpredictability of the progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be attributed to the low precision of the tools used to predict the prognosis of this disease. Objective: To identify the predictors associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Methods: Relevant articles from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched and extracted as of April 5, 2020. Data of interest were collected and evaluated for their compatibility for the meta-analysis. Cumulative calculations to determine the correlation and effect estimates were performed using the Z test. Results: In total, 19 papers recording 1,934 mild and 1,644 severe cases of COVID-19 were included. Based on the initial evaluation, 62 potential risk factors were identified for the meta-analysis. Several comorbidities, including chronic respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension were observed more frequent among patients with severe COVID-19 than with the mild ones. Compared to the mild form, severe COVID-19 was associated with symptoms such as dyspnea, anorexia, fatigue, increased respiratory rate, and high systolic blood pressure. Lower levels of lymphocytes and hemoglobin;elevated levels of leukocytes, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, high-sensitivity troponin, creatine kinase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, D-dimer, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, and procalcitonin;and a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate were also associated with severe COVID-19. Conclusion: More than 30 risk factors are associated with a higher risk of severe COVID-19. These may serve as useful baseline parameters in the development of prediction tools for COVID-19 prognosis.